| United States Patent | 5,445,759 |
| Powell | Aug. 29, 1995 |
| Inventors: | Powell; Bob R. (Birmingham, MI). |
| Assignee: | General Motors Corporation (Detroit, MI). |
| Appl. No.: | 058,815 |
| Filed: | May 10, 1993 |
| Intl. Cl.: | C10M 171/00; C10M 169/04; |
| U.S. Cl.: | 252/73.; 252/74.; |
| Field of Search: | 73;74;572 |
| 4,744,914 | May, 1988 | Filisko et al. | 252/ 74 |
| 4,772,407 | Sept., 1988 | Carlson | 252/ 74 |
| 5,114,477 | May, 1992 | Mort et al. | 106/ 20 |
| 5,234,474 | Aug., 1993 | Whewell | 44/282 |
| 0361106 | Apr., 1990 | EPX | |
| 0387857 | Sept., 1990 | EPX | |
| 4-45196 | Feb., 1992 | JPX |
Wragg et al, "Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy of Solid C(60) /C(70)," Letters to Nature, vol 348, 13 Dec. 1990, pp. 623-624.
Hauffler et al, "Efficient Production of C(60) (Buckminster fullerene), C(60) H(36), and the Solvated Buckide Ion", J. Phys. Chem., 94, pp. 8634-8636, Nov. 1990.
Chemical Abstracts, 73(24): 124673y, "Aspects of Electric Field Action on a Suspension Containing a Nonpolar Medium", Krasikov et al, 1970.
Rosseinsky et al, "Superconductivity at 28 K in Rb(x) C(60) ", Physical Review Letters, vol. 66, No. 21, 27 May 1991, pp. 2830-2832.
Pemisi, "Buckyballs Still Charm", Science News, vol. 140, Aug. 24, 1991, pp. 120-123.
Amato, "CBN Ball, Anyone?", Research News, Jan. 31, 1992.
Guo et al, "Ti(8) C(12) (^+) -Metallo-Carbohedrenes: A New Class of Molecular Clusters?", Reports pp. 1411 & 1412, Mar. 13, 1992.
Studt, "Researchers Uncover Met-Cars, A New Class of Materials", R&D Materials Science, R&D Magazine, Feb. 1993, pp. 50-52.
Browne, "Chemists' New Toy Emerges as Superconductors", Sep. 3, 1991, New York Times, p. C-1.
Curl et al, "Fullerenes", Scientific American, Oct. 1991, pp. 54-63.
Wilson et al, "Imaging C(60) clusters on a surface using a scanning tunnelling microscope", Letters to Nature, vol. 348, 13 Dec. 1990, pp. 621-624.
The American Heritage Dictionary, Second College Edition, (1976), p. 554, the Term "Geodesic Dome".
Brooks et al., "The Formation of Graphitizing Carbons From the Liquid Phase", Carbon, (1965), vol. 3, pp. 185-194.
Kroto, "Carbon Onions Introduce New Flavour To Fullerene Studies", News And Views, Nature, vol. 359, (22 Oct. 1992), pp. 670-671.
Ugarte, "Curling And Closure Of Graphitic Networks Under Electron-Beam Irradiation", Nature, vol. 359, (22 Oct. 1992), 707-709.
Disclosed are electrorheological fluids having spherical, or near-spherical, fullerene-type particles and a nonconducting or dielectric fluid.